Pepetools offers a range of rolling mills with custom designed 4:1 gearbox, ductile frame, and various power sources. Browse their collection of rolling mills for sheet, wire, and combination metal forming, as well as furniture and accessories. PEPETOOLS® Ultra Rolling Mills. From $840.00 CAD. Choose options. The new Ultra Series of Rolling Mills from PEPETOOLS were redesigned with the customer in mind …Superior Ring Bending Tool. (271) SKU# 301.00A. $324.00. Ring Stretcher w/ Ductile Frame ULTRA Series (INTRO BONUS OFFER) (26) SKU# 185.50. Reg. $549.00 Sale $499.00 …Pepetools 7601 S.W. 34th Street Oklahoma City, OK 73179 USA. phone: 405-745-4054 fax: 405-745-4335 email: [email protected]. About Us. Pepetools is proud to manufacture, …Want to spread out the cost of your order with PepeTools? Select ‘Affirm’, ‘Klarna‘, or ‘ShopPay‘ as your payment method at checkout to pay in interest-free installments, with no hidden fees. With Klarna, pay in 4 interest …Want to spread out the cost of your order with PepeTools? Select ‘Affirm’, ‘Klarna‘, or ‘ShopPay‘ as your payment method at checkout to pay in interest-free installments, with no hidden fees.The first thing to decide upon is the width. By width, I mean the useable length of the rollers and hence the maximum width of material that you can put though the mill. I’m talking here about basic flat rollers. …The kit includes an H.30® chuck-style handpiece that accommodates a wider range of tool shank sizes for a wider range of applications. Control speed easily and instantly with the FCT plastic-housed foot-operated speed control. Powerful, 1/6hp ball bearing 18,000rpm SR motor has a switch for forward or reverse direction. Maximum speed is 18,000rpm.About Polimag Magnetic Tumbler. State of the art electronics. Hi-tech appearance and superior finishing power. This product has been engineered from the ground up. Your solution will stay cool, which will drastically improve the finish you achieve. Features include: Dual voltage for use anywhere in the world Single direction or auto-reverse ...Aug 7, 2019 · Aug 07, 2019. Created by Nancy LT Hamilton and edited by Micro Tools. PepeTools Jump Ring Maker Blade and Gauge Guide. Using a 1.25 Inch Blade. Mandrel Size (mm) 2.5. 3. 3.5. Compact system ideal for plating gold, rhodium and silver onto any type of material such as steel, aluminum, nickel, cooper, brass, and platinum. Lets you dial in exact voltage needed from 1.2-17.3V for perfect results. Impulse power makes it easy to plate with difficult solutions such as black or blue rhodium.I wouldn't spend the money on the pepetools one unless you already own a Foredom. I coil wire on transfer punches from Harbor Freight using a regular cordless drill. For cutting I either use a jewelers saw or I have the KoilKutter from PotterUSA that works with a regular dremel. The owners are absolute dicks. Don't support them.Buy PepeTools Combination Rolling Mill Ultra With 160 mm Wide Rollers. Made in USA: Industrial & Scientific - Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible … Hoop Earrings using Pepetools #301.00A Superior Ring Bender. Ring Bending Tool #186.00A. Extra Large Disc Cutters. Jump Ring Maker - JRM2 #307.70A. Jeweller Dave Wilson of http://www.CelticDreams.Co.Uk demonstrates and reviews the Pepetools Jump Ring Maker 2. This is an update to the JRM 2 and now includ...This PepeTools® professional jump ring maker system has 20 mandrels that range from 2.5mm to 12.5mm in diameter (in 0.5mm increments). The hand winder coils up the wire around the chosen winding mandrel. The coiled wire holder keeps the wire in place as it is being cut with a flexible shaft handpiece mounted with the saw blade and the ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Sutton Tools are stockists of Pepe Tools I believe. Nick I'm not sure it's as simple as that. If you click on any of the Pepe rolling mills on Suttons' site you get the following message: "Carriage - n.b. This item is heavy and is normally shipped by pallet which incurs a shipping surcharge. Please contact the sales team who will be able to ... Intelligent Plating System - Programmable Rectifiers by Pepetools. SKU# IPS PLUS 10. Reg. $0 $609 Save $-609. Programmable 60 Amp Digital Rectifier. SKU# 270.60N ... Pepe Tools. Regular price £2,550.00 GBP Regular price Sale price £2,550.00 GBP Unit price / per . Choose options Pepe Tools 160 mm All Wire Ultra Mill with Ductile Frame X-DRIVE Pepe Tools 160 mm All Wire Ultra Mill with Ductile Frame X-DRIVE Vendor: Pepe Tools. Regular ...Pepetools ships to most countries worldwide. Domestic Packages are shipped via UPS Standard Ground, 2 Day Express, and Next Day Express. We ship internationally via DHL Express for the best service and rates. We charge fee of $30+ for Canada and $50+ for all other countries. Transition to Pepetools. Tony, determined to give back to his home country of Ukraine, finds an opportunity to manufacture products and help the local economy by building high quality tools and equipment. The quick pace of growth allowed the once shuttered Soviet Era factory to employ over 500 people dedicated to manufacturing over 300 products. Official Pepetools Channel for instructional videos, product information, and more! PEPETOOLS® Jump Ring Maker JRM2. Updated and Made in USA. The perfect set for winding your own jump rings easily in consistent sizes. Includes 20 steel winding rods in 2.5 to 12.0mm diameter sizes. A 1-1/4" circular sawblade for your #30 handpiece * is used to cut the jump rings apart while the coil is securely held in the supplied cutting box. Pepe (PEPE) price has declined today. The price of Pepe (PEPE) is $0.057746 today with a 24-hour trading volume of $531,115,906.00. This represents a -3.88% price decline in the last 24 hours and a 6.69% price increase in the past 7 days. With a circulating supply of 420 Trillion PEPE, Pepe is valued at a market …Want to spread out the cost of your order with PepeTools? Select ‘Affirm’, ‘Klarna‘, or ‘ShopPay‘ as your payment method at checkout to pay in interest-free installments, with no hidden fees. With Klarna, pay in 4 interest …Pepetools ships to most countries worldwide. Domestic Packages are shipped via UPS Standard Ground, 2 Day Express, and Next Day Express. We ship internationally via DHL Express for the best service and rates. We charge fee of $30+ for Canada and $50+ for all other countries.Legacy product, information for reference only - Please see new revision #307.70A Make your own jump rings! The new PEPETOOLS Jump Ring Maker is a great new tool which allows the user to make jump rings in twenty different sizes. Smallest inner core size is 2.5 MM and the largest is 12 MM. The inner core rods are heldOur members save money by using these Pepetools discount codes at the checkout. Today's top Pepetools offer is Enjoy 10% Off Your Purchase. Our best Pepetools coupon code will save you 20%. Shoppers have saved an average of $39.60 with our Pepetools promo codes. The last time we posted a Pepetools …We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Pepe Tools Extra Large Mandrel Size 20 - 26 US. $89.50. Add To Wishlist. Add to Cart. Jump Ring Maker Oval. $24.50. Add To Wishlist. Add to Cart. Jewellers Hallmarking Punch Bent 0.7mm. From $49.50. Add To Wishlist. Choose Options. More From This Category. Jump Ring Maker Oval. $24.50. Add To Wishlist. Add to Cart. Jump Ring Maker Small.1-48 of 93 results for "pepe tools ring bender" Results. Price and other details may vary based on product size and color. PEPE MARK-II Ring Bending Tool Set, Newly Redesigned and Made in the USA (301.00A),Silver. 4.4 out of 5 stars. 386. $295.00 $ 295. 00. FREE delivery.Today I share my review of Pepetools 110mm Rolling Mill from Ultra Series with the demo of how to use the rolling mill! I've created a pair of earrings to sh...Want to spread out the cost of your order with PepeTools? Select ‘Affirm’, ‘Klarna‘, or ‘ShopPay‘ as your payment method at checkout to pay in interest-free installments, with no hidden fees. With Klarna, pay in 4 interest …Jewelers Ring Mandrels from Steel and Aluminum. US Sizes 1-16, bezel ring mandrels, finger ring shaped ring mandrels. Ring mandrel with groove. The Newly Redesigned Pepetools #301.00A Euro Ring Bending Tool. This Pepetools strong, versatile ring bending tool out performs all other bending tools. The base and handle performs at a high level of torque while allowing the user to exert less resistance in bending metals. Matching outer dies included! Pepe tools ring Shank bending tool is constructed from high grade materials and expertly machined in the USA. The lightweight aluminum body and precision Shank combine to form one of the most versatile and durable jewelry tools available today! this product is in use by many who need the additional Torque when bending silver plate or …Pepetools ships to most countries worldwide. Domestic Packages are shipped via UPS Standard Ground, 2 Day Express, and Next Day Express. We ship internationally via DHL Express for the best service and rates. We charge fee of $30+ for Canada and $50+ for all other countries.Vertical pin action for high polish finish on intricate designs, including filigree. 4" Bowl. Built in 60 minute timer. Adjustable RPM from 0rpm up to 3,450rpm. Includes 65g of 0.5mm x 5mm stainless steel pin media. Holds 8 rings per batch, 1-year warranty. Available in 110V for North America and 220V for international customers.OPEN TO FIND RESOURCES AND LINKS!Hi all! Today I will show you how to set up and use the Jump Ring Maker 2 from Pepetools! If you want to make a lot of jump ...Empower Your Degen Strategies with Our Comprehensive Suite of AI Tools. Meta Detector 👀. Contracts Generator 💻. Market Predictor 📈. PepeZapp 💬. Hex Converter 🧮. Tweet Generator 🐦. …Vertical pin action for high polish finish on intricate designs, including filigree. 4" Bowl. Built in 60 minute timer. Adjustable RPM from 0rpm up to 3,450rpm. Includes 65g of 0.5mm x 5mm stainless steel pin media. Holds 8 rings per batch, 1-year warranty. Available in 110V for North America and 220V for international customers.About "Rosy Revolver" Flat Back, Open Ring, Forming Mandrel. This mandrel was manufactured at the request of Jessica Jordan Coté of Rosy Revolver. Graduated with US Sizes 1-16. Flat back machined surface for open ring forming. Hardened and polished steel. Exclusively available from Pepetools. Limited quantities will be manufactured. Made in …Empower Your Degen Strategies with Our Comprehensive Suite of AI Tools. Meta Detector 👀. Contracts Generator 💻. Market Predictor 📈. PepeZapp 💬. Hex Converter 🧮. Tweet Generator 🐦. …The first thing to decide upon is the width. By width, I mean the useable length of the rollers and hence the maximum width of material that you can put though the mill. I’m talking here about basic flat rollers. …Hoop Earrings using Pepetools #301.00A Superior Ring Bender. Ring Bending Tool #186.00A. Extra Large Disc Cutters. Jump Ring Maker - JRM2 #307.70A. Superior Ring Bender - #301.00A. How To Make A Spoon Ring With Pepetools Ring Bender - #301.00A. Manufacturing a Pepetools Dapping Cube.PepeTools Fancy Wire Rolling Mill Ultra With 130 mm Wide Rollers, Made in USA . Brand: Ultra Power. 3.9 3.9 out of 5 stars 7 ratings. $929.00 $ 929. 00. Delivery & Support Select to learn more . Ships from Jeweler's Supermarket . Eligible for Return, Refund or Replacement within 30 days of receipt .About Ring Stretcher w/ Ductile Frame ULTRA Series (INTRO BONUS OFFER) Designed from the ground up, this ring stretcher by Pepetools sets the bar on quality, consistency, and reliability. We engineered this product starting with the heart of the machine, the spline. The spline is machined from solid tool steel billet.At a huge savings. Introducing the Jump Ring Making starter kit, all you need is wire and you will be cutting jump rings in no time. Kit Includes. 2230 Foredom Jewelers Kits ($406 value) 307.70A Jump Ring Maker ($225 value) 307.20G Goldie 1.25" Saw Blade x 2 ($36 value) 307.40G Goldie 1.5" Saw Blade x 2 ($48 value) …This item: Pepe Tools Pepetools Smart Flux, Firecoat Protection, Fluoride FreePrips Flux . $18.00 $ 18. 00. Get it as soon as Friday, Mar 22. Only 8 left in stock - order soon. Sold by Jeweler's Supermarket and ships from Amazon Fulfillment. + Pepetools Titanium Soldering Pick Set, 3.Jul 20, 2016 · Manufacturer Pepetools : Part Number 307.70A : Item Weight 5.44 pounds : Package Dimensions 9.76 x 6.69 x 3.35 inches : Item model number Product Description. Pepetools Premium Disc Cutter Kit is newly improved version of the worlds best selling disc cutter. Engineered …Join the community and get info, free resources, and discounts. Pepetools® is an industry leader and manufacturer for tools and equipment for jewelers. Pepetools continually …Want to spread out the cost of your order with PepeTools? Select ‘Affirm’, ‘Klarna‘, or ‘ShopPay‘ as your payment method at checkout to pay in interest-free installments, with no hidden fees. With Klarna, pay in 4 interest-free installments. The first payment is taken when the order is processed and the remaining 3 are automatically ...Pepetools 7601 S.W. 34th Street Oklahoma City, OK 73179 USA. phone: 405-745-4054 fax: 405-745-4335 email: [email protected]. About Us. Pepetools is proud to manufacture, … Pepetools ships to most countries worldwide. Domestic Packages are shipped via UPS Standard Ground, 2 Day Express, and Next Day Express. We ship internationally via DHL Express for the best service and rates. We charge fee of $30+ for Canada and $50+ for all other countries. Pepetools® 130MM Flat ULTRA Series X-DRIVE Direct Drive Rolling Mill, XD189.00-120VProduct Description. The Pepe TouchAmatic Wax Worker comes with 4 Tips and is innovative and elegant. It provides the most convenient point of contact working approach with built in safety features. 115/230V. 4 Nichrome tips included. Immediate heating response. Continuous mode switch.About Ring Stretcher w/ Ductile Frame ULTRA Series (INTRO BONUS OFFER) Designed from the ground up, this ring stretcher by Pepetools sets the bar on quality, consistency, and reliability. We engineered this product starting with the heart of the machine, the spline. The spline is machined from solid tool steel billet.Pepetools ships to most countries worldwide. Domestic Packages are shipped via UPS Standard Ground, 2 Day Express, and Next Day Express. We ship internationally via DHL Express for the best service and rates. We charge fee of $30+ for Canada and $50+ for all other countries. Please note that any assessed duties or local taxes are not included ...Wax Worker Replacement Pen. $60.00. SKU#: 273.550N. Buy in monthly payments with Affirm on orders over $50. Learn more. Additional payment options available at checkout. Learn more. Add to Cart. Add (3) Selections to Cart. MADE IN U.S.A. ( PT307.70A) AK307 Pepe Tools Jump Ringer Kit: 20 mandrels ranging from 2.5mm 12mm, Keyless winding chuck with handle, Coil holder and Saw attachment designed for use with Foredom H.30® Handpiece. Jump ring maker has a coil winder made of solid machined aluminum. Sturdy tool for consistent jump rings. Want to spread out the cost of your order with PepeTools? Select ‘Affirm’, ‘Klarna‘, or ‘ShopPay‘ as your payment method at checkout to pay in interest-free installments, with no hidden fees. With Klarna, pay in 4 interest …Buy PepeTools Combination Rolling Mill Ultra With 160 mm Wide Rollers. Made in USA: Industrial & Scientific - Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible …301.00 Pepetools Ring Bender Replacement Handle. SKU# 030502. Reg. C$0 C$25 Save C$-25. Super Polished Ring Mandrel - Hardened, Sizes 1-16 US. SKU# 121.GS.RC. Reg. C$0 C$82 Save C$-82. Ring Making Starter Kit. SKU# 301_185SK. Reg. C$0 C$1,237 ...The Pepe Tools team comprises highly experienced developers who are dedicated to putting in their utmost effort for the project, regardless of challenges. With their expertise and commitment, Pepe Tools is poised to become the go-to tool for all types of memecoins investors in less than 6 months. PHASE 1.Closed captioning done. Pepe Tools asked me to check out their new 90mm Ultra Rolling Mill. It's a sturdy little workhorse with a lot of versatility. In th...Smart Pickle by Bench Basics was designed specifically for metalsmiths. Engineered with anhydrous grade sodium bisulfate, this proprietary mixture dissolves quickly in warm water to create a pickle bath for removing oxidization after soldering from metals such as gold, copper, silver, and other non-ferrous material. 3lb Jar (also available as ...301.00 Pepetools Ring Bender Replacement Handle. SKU# 030502. Reg. $0 $18 Save $-18. Super Polished Ring Mandrel - Hardened, Sizes 1-16 US. SKU# 121.GS.RC. Reg. $0 $59 Save $-59. Ring Making Starter Kit. SKU# 301_185SK. Reg. $0 $900 Save $-900. Jump Ring Maker Starter Kit. SKU# 307_70SK ...Nov 11, 2011 · Pepetools Jump Ring Maker is the best selling Jump Ring Maker in the world! Often imitated by English and Chinese manufacturers, this Pepetools kit is of the highest quality for the lowest price. Manufactured 100% in the USA, the value of this product can not be beat. 301.00 Pepetools Ring Bender Replacement Handle. SKU# 030502. Reg. $0 $18 Save $-18. Super Polished Ring Mandrel - Hardened, Sizes 1-16 US. SKU# 121.GS.RC. Reg. $0 $59 Save $-59. Ring Making Starter Kit. SKU# 301_185SK. Reg. $0 $900 Save $-900. Jump Ring Maker Starter Kit. SKU# 307_70SK ...I wouldn't spend the money on the pepetools one unless you already own a Foredom. I coil wire on transfer punches from Harbor Freight using a regular cordless drill. For cutting I either use a jewelers saw or I have the KoilKutter from PotterUSA that works with a regular dremel. The owners are absolute dicks. Don't support them.Want to spread out the cost of your order with PepeTools? Select ‘Affirm’, ‘Klarna‘, or ‘ShopPay‘ as your payment method at checkout to pay in interest-free installments, with no hidden fees. With Klarna, pay in 4 interest-free installments. The first payment is taken when the order is processed and the remaining 3 are automatically ...Nov 11, 2011 · Pepetools Jump Ring Maker is the best selling Jump Ring Maker in the world! Often imitated by English and Chinese manufacturers, this Pepetools kit is of the highest quality for the lowest price. Manufactured 100% in the USA, the value of this product can not be beat. Eco-friendly solution: Supports responsible resource management and waste reduction by recycling precious metal particles. Brand: Ikohe®. Dimensions: 12" L x 6" W x 10 1/4" H. Voltage: 3.7V. Noise level: 60 decibels. CFM Rating - 120. Application: Removing air contaminants. Portability: Built-in wheels for easy movement. Pepetools Jump Ring Maker. Produce jump rings quickly and easily with this time-saving device. Coil your wire around one of the included mandrels using the included hand-winder. Once the coil is formed, place it in the adjustable coil holder and saw through it using the included rotary saw, handpiece guide, and your flexible shaft machine. Pepetools™ Gold Standard Ring Mandrels & Finger Ring Sizer. $55.00 Sold out Wishlist; Save 24% Pepe Digital Pen Plating Station Regular price $325.00 Sale price $245.00 Add to cart Wishlist; Sold out PEPETOOLS®160MM Double Ultra Series X-Drive Electric ...Mar 12, 2022 · The price of Pepe (PEPE) is $0.057746 today with a 24-hour trading volume of $531,115,906.00. This represents a -3.88% price decline in the last 24 hours and a 6.69% price increase in the past 7 days. With a circulating supply of 420 Trillion PEPE, Pepe is valued at a market cap of $3,260,345,928 . Track the latest Pepe price, market cap ... Want to spread out the cost of your order with PepeTools? Select ‘Affirm’, ‘Klarna‘, or ‘ShopPay‘ as your payment method at checkout to pay in interest-free installments, with no hidden fees. With Klarna, pay in 4 interest …Pepe Tools has a user-friendly UI for both developers and investors. SAFU Checker. Pepe Tools will audit and verify smart contracts for users. Rug Shield. Rug checker before and after listing of projects in Pepe Launchpad. LP Locker. Pepe Tools provides liquidity locking tools that prevent liquidity being impacted by mint or multi-owner ...Pepe Tools Haymaker Jewelers Saw Frame by Lion Punch Forge, Made in USA (Purple) 4.3 out of 5 stars 32. $99.00 $ 99. 00. FREE delivery Jun 30 - Jul 5 . Or fastest delivery Wed, Jun 28 . Only 6 left in stock - order soon. NANO Paste, Easy (65%) Silver Solder Paste w/Dispensing Syringe, 1/4 ozt.Pepetools line of electric rolling mills, available in 160MM and 130MM, either double mill or single mill. We can custom design to your specifications or choose from our selection of stock items below. All Square Wire & Flat ULTRA Series Power Mill "Cuban Link" SKU# XD189.35.00-110.OPEN TO FIND RESOURCES AND LINKS!Hi all! Today I will show you how to set up and use the Jump Ring Maker 2 from Pepetools! If you want to make a lot of jump ...
130MM X-Drive (DIRECT DRIVE) Flat Rolling Mill. Get right to work with creating textures and flat stock with this compact and easy to use electric rolling mill manufactured in USA by Pepetools. Featuring a 100:1 reduction gear-box, powered by a 1/2 hp motor - the ultra hard rolls are machined from solid tool steel and hardened to 65HRC.. Bouchaine vineyards
Pepetools offers a variety of new products for jewelry making and metalworking, such as ring sizing kits, disc cutters, saw blades, mills, and more. Browse the latest products from Pepetools and find the tools you need for your projects. Pepe Tools is the maker of some of the finest, most well built and reliable jewelry tools in the world. You see their tools in some of the nicest jewelry stores around the world. Helpful 1. Helpful 2. Thanks 0. Thanks 1. Love this 0. Love this 1. Oh no 0. Oh no 1. Amanda M. San Francisco, CA. 0. 1. Apr 13, 2022.The PEPETOOLS® 110 mm Combination Rolling Mill Ultra Series is an indispensable tool for those seeking precision, durability, and efficiency in metal forming and texturing. Its …Feb 25, 2016 · Introducing the world's best known rolling mill, the "ultra" series line of rolling Mills by Pepe tools. pepetools engineered a unique housing that maximizes durability and increases strength, all while decreasing overall mass. Thanks to a new generation of precision machining, pepetools "ultra" series rolling Mills are stronger than ever. C$48.18. 1 - 24 of 35 Products. Pepetools engineered a unique housing that maximizes durability and increases strength, all while decreasing overall mass. Pepetools is proud to be the only American manufacturer to produce, design, and build rolling mills in the USA.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Pepetools ships to most countries worldwide. Domestic Packages are shipped via UPS Standard Ground, 2 Day Express, and Next Day Express. We ship internationally via DHL Express for the best service and rates. We charge fee of $30+ for Canada and $50+ for all other countries. Please note that any assessed duties or local taxes are not included ...Frequently bought together. This item: Pepetools 196.10A Premium 14 Piece Disc Cutting Kit. $26900. +. The Beadsmith Brass Head Mallet - Metal Elements - 10 Inches long, 2LB head with a 38mm Face - Brass & Sheet Metal Hammer for Dapping, Chasing & Light Stamping. $3399. +. Pepetools 196.PU …About 130MM Combination Ultra Series Power Mill. Constructed on a machined aluminum base, this electric rolling mill is a workhorse ready to go out of the box. With a direct drive electric motor to a 100:1 reduction gearbox, just flip the switch and get to work quickly. Adjustable up to 17 RPM, this allows for easy texturing of silver, copper ...Sutton Tools are stockists of Pepe Tools I believe. Nick I'm not sure it's as simple as that. If you click on any of the Pepe rolling mills on Suttons' site you get the following message: "Carriage - n.b. This item is heavy and is normally shipped by pallet which incurs a shipping surcharge. Please contact the sales team who will be able to ...PEPETOOLS® 130 MM COMBINATION ROLLING MILL ULTRA SERIES. $1,300.00 $675.00. PEPETOOLS® Ultra 130 MM Mill Model 189.20A: Advancement in jewelers' rolling mills, first U.S. made in 75 years . Order for innovative design & production.Feb 25, 2016 · Pepe Tools newest family of Rolling Mills, The Ultra Series, made in Oklahoma City, Ok. USA are redesigned for Jewelers and Crafts-people. This series is 30 to 50 percent the weight of Casted Rolling Mills, made from precision steel for ultra strength and durability. Pepetools ships to most countries worldwide. Domestic Packages are shipped via UPS Standard Ground, 2 Day Express, and Next Day Express. We ship internationally via DHL Express for the best service and rates. We charge fee of $30+ for Canada and $50+ for all other countries. Please note that any assessed duties or local taxes are not included ....